Endless Tapes

Endless tapes are special cassettes made with a loop of tape that repeats forever. We have various lengths in stock ranging from 20 seconds to 12 minutes.

You’ll notice there are no sprockets on the hubs. The tape is driven by the capstan motor and pinch roller.

https://www.duplication.ca/shop/Endless-Cassettes/

Some of our customers make their own endless tapes from ordinary cassettes. Check out Amulets

New Products Nov 4th 2017

Clear laser labels restocked and price reduction
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/Transparent-Audio-Cassette-Labels-for-Laser.html
Red cassette labels
http://www.duplication.ca/shop/Red-Audio-cassette-labels-12-up-square-corners.html
red fluorescent labels (hazard orange)
http://www.duplication.ca/shop/fluorescent-red-audio-cassette-labels-for-laser-and-inkjet-printers-12-up-square-bottom-corners.html
White Gloss laser labels restock and huge price reduction 50% off
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/White-Gloss-Laser-Audio-Cassette-Labels-12-Up-Square-Bottom-Corners.html
green paper sleeves for 7″
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/forest-green-7-inner-sleeve.html
brown kraft inner sleeves for 7″ vinyl
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/kraft-inner-paper-sleeve-for-7-vinyl-record.html
gold inner sleeves for 7″ vinyl
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/gold-inner-sleeve-for-7-vinyl-record.html
Cassette hub locks
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/audio-cassette-hub-locks-100-pieces.html
Colour CD sleeves 100-pack
https://www.duplication.ca/shop/colour-cd-sleeves-100-pack.html

Adjusting The Speed of Your Cassette Deck

Every cassette deck runs at a slightly different speed. The tolerance of a machine made in 1990 when brand new was 0.5% to 2%. After 25+ years, it is pretty sure that your 25 year old machine needs new belts and a speed calibration. An exception could be made for machines with direct drive capstan motors. Very few machines had direct-drive capstans because they were very expensive.

How to adjust the speed of cassette decks
Many cassette decks have a hole in the back of the capstan motor. This hole is usually covered by a rubber shroud, and you can insert a small jeweler’s screwdriver  to connect with a potentiometer which allows adjustment of the speed. This adjustment is often very sensitive and it’s difficult to get a very precise and stable speed – a very small adjustment can result in a huge speed variance. Better decks might have an adjustment potentiometer on the PC board which allows a much more precise setting of the speed.

We offer a test tape containing a 440Hz A tone and a 3150 Hz tone to assist in setting the speed of your cassette deck.

https://www.duplication.ca/shop/audio-cassette-speed-calibration-test-tape.html

 

How to record on tabs out cassettes

Many of our cassettes are made without the record-inhibit tabs! If you have a professional duplicator that won’t be an issue because pro duplicating machines do not check for the record tab.  But home recording decks will not record on tabs out cassettes. Fortunately, it isn’t too difficult to fool your cassette deck so it records even when the tabs are out.

Method 1: put scotch tape over the hole on the top of the cassette.

Method 2: put duct tape in the upper left corner of the cassette well to block the pin from coming down.

Method 3: Open the cover and find a way to stop the pin from going down, or short-circuit the contacts on the sensor. A toothpick or wire can be used to keep the pin up.

If you’ve modified your cassette deck, just don’t forget that it will now record on any cassette even if the record tabs have been punched out.

 

Cassette Tape Recording and Playback EQ

In another post we discussed how to record on high bias tapes in normal bias shells. One issue is to have the proper playback EQ so the person listening to your tape won’t find it too dull nor too bright. Many cassette decks have a button to choose either 70 (chrome) or 120 µS (normal) EQ on playback, but this button was done away with on many later generation decks.

Tape EQ selector

Tape EQ selector

High bias tapes are traditionally recorded with 70 µS EQ. If you play them back with 120 µS EQ they will have a 4.5 dB high frequency boost .

If you cannot choose the recording EQ on the machine you can adjust the audio input by applying a high-shelf EQ filter to cut 4.5 dB:

cassette recording EQ compensation filter

EQ compensation when recording high bias tapes with 70 microsecond chrome EQ but playback will be at 120 microsecond normal EQ

Tape Types

Cassette tapes come in several types:

  • Type I, normal bias tape made with ferric oxide, brown colour
  • Type II, high-bias tape made with chromium dioxide and/or cobalt particles, with blue or black colour. This tape is no longer manufactured but we still have some new tape in stock.
  • Type IV, metal tape needing even higher recording bias, black colour, with extremely loud output levels but also higher tape hiss. There is practically no more new Type IV tape left in the world.

How to use Chrome and Cobalt high-bias tape in normal cassette shells

Many clients buying blank tapes want high bias tape loaded into the funky coloured cassette shells. Here’s some background info and an explanation of the challenges you have to overcome.

In the early days of cassettes the tape hiss was quite bad. Chrome tapes had less hiss and a much greater ability to handle high frequencies, but the tape engineers decided to change the EQ curve from 120 µS to 70 µS (microseconds) to give an additional 4.5 dB reduction in tape hiss instead of better high frequency performance. That was great for classical music but not much use for high energy rock and electronic music. With improvements in tape and the advent of Dolby B which gave a 10dB reduction in hiss, the engineers regretted the move to 70 us EQ.(1)

The EQ used to record and playback can be separate from the recording bias, as on many Nakamichi decks we’ve seen – on this model we can choose Type II bias and 120 µS EQ:

Bias and EQ buttons on tape recorder

Bias and EQ buttons on tape recorder

On some models there is no separate EQ button and the recording will be with 70 µS EQ if you use Type II high bias.

Some cassette decks have no buttons and instead use sensors which detect notches on the top spine of the cassette:

Tape Bias and EQ detector slots

Tape Bias and EQ detector slots

Then there are the record-inhibit tabs which you can knock out to prevent accidental erasure. All the funky colours come with the tabs already knocked out, saving the duplication company a lot of labour.

If you want to use Type II tapes in coloured Type I shells you have to overcome several challenges:

  • You need to fool the machine into recording when the tabs are already knocked out. This is easy to do by placing scotch tape over the hole or by a simple modification to your deck to prevent the sensor pin from going down into the hole.
  • You must have a button to select TYPE II or HIGH BIAS when recording. If you don’t have the button you could drill out a hole on the top spine of the cassette (not really something we recommend). You’ll notice some cassettes are molded with the chrome notch cavity covered by a thin plastic roof. You could try punching out that roof to turn your normal-notch cassettes into chrome-compatible cassettes.
  • If you use normal-notch cassettes with high bias tape, you need to figure out the record and playback EQ. See the next blog post

 

1 Terence O’Kelly, “EQ”, The Inventor’s Notebook, Technical bulletin #4 (BASF technical bulletin)